Do you know the advantages and disadvantages of ternary lithium batteries

In recent years, the explosive growth of new energy vehicles has led to the explosive growth of the domestic power battery industry. Power batteries are the core of electric vehicles. The batteries used in electric vehicles are mainly lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries. The following mainly discusses ternary batteries. Advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries.

The ternary lithium battery is relatively balanced in terms of capacity and safety, and is a battery with excellent overall performance. The main functions, advantages and disadvantages of the three metal elements are as follows:

Co3+: Reduce the cation mixing space, stabilize the layered structure of the material, reduce the impedance value, increase the electrical conductivity, and improve the cycle and rate performance.

Ni2+: can increase the capacity of the material (increase the volume energy density of the material), and due to the similar radius of Li and Ni, too much Ni will also cause lithium and nickel to be mixed due to the dislocation phenomenon of Li, and the concentration of nickel ions in the lithium layer The larger the value, the more difficult it is to deintercalate lithium in the layered structure, resulting in poor electrochemical performance.

Mn4+: Not only can reduce the cost of materials, but also can improve the safety and stability of the materials. However, an excessively high Mn content will easily form a spinel phase and destroy the layered structure, reducing the capacity and reducing the cycle.

High energy density is the biggest advantage of ternary lithium batteries, and the voltage platform is an important indicator of battery energy density, which determines the basic efficiency and cost of the battery. The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity, so the same volume, weight, and even the same Ampere’s battery, the ternary material lithium battery with a higher voltage platform has a longer battery life. The discharge voltage platform of the single ternary lithium battery is as high as 3.7V, the lithium iron phosphate is 3.2V, and the lithium titanate is only 2.3V. Therefore, from the perspective of energy density, the ternary lithium battery is higher than lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate or Lithium titanate has absolute advantages.

Poor safety and short cycle life are the main shortcomings of ternary lithium batteries, especially safety performance, which has been a major factor that has restricted their large-scale matching and large-scale integrated applications. A large number of actual tests have shown that it is difficult for ternary batteries with larger capacity to pass safety tests such as acupuncture and overcharge. This is the reason why more manganese elements are generally introduced in large-capacity batteries, or even mixed with lithium manganate. The cycle life of 500 times is in the middle of the lithium battery, so the main application field of the ternary lithium battery is 3C digital and other consumer electronic products.