Ternary lithium batteries or lithium iron batteries, these are named according to the active material of the cathode to the lithium battery

This article summarises six common types of lithium batteries and their main performance parameters. As we all know, the specific parameters are not exactly the same for cells of the same technological route, and what is shown in this article is the general level of current parameters. The six types of lithium batteries specifically include: lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), lithium manganeseate (LiMn2O4), lithium nickel cobalt manganeseate (LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminiumate (LiNiCoAlO2 or NCA), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12).

The common lithium nickel cobalt manganate battery has a voltage of 3.7V and a capacity of about 2000mAh, while the lithium iron battery 26650 has a voltage of 3.2V and a capacity of 3000mAh.

1. choose lithium battery mainly from the battery voltage and capacity of two aspects to choose 

2. Battery: the voltage should be the same as the voltage of the motor, or a little higher than the motor voltage. 

3. The capacity of the battery is measured in AH, at the same voltage, the larger the capacity, the larger the volume. For example, if the motor has an operating current of 10A and a voltage of 12V, then 10A*12V= 120W. If you use a 12V/10AH battery, the motor can operate for 1 hour.

4.The rated working current of 120W 12V DC motor is about 10A, the battery storage capacity is 40Wh for a maximum power of 120W working for 20 minutes, the capacity of the battery pack is about 12V4Ah, and the lithium battery is a power type battery.

5. The recommended combination is a single-cell manganese lithium polymer battery with a capacity of 4-5Ah, connected in series of 3, with a working voltage of 3*3.7V=11.1V and a battery weight of 100-200g. Lithium batteries used in series to add a protection plate.

Li-ion batteries are full or not, the difference of that 1% does not affect the time of a few minutes, there is no need to be concerned.

The designer is left with leeway when designing the solution. Li-ion batteries are generally required to be fully charged at 4.35V (previously 4.20V) with a charging current of less than 0.05C. It is difficult to achieve this in actual use.

For example, if your mobile phone uses a 4000mAh 4.35V Li-ion battery, the theoretical requirement is that it should be charged to 4.35V at 20mA before it is considered fully charged. The sampling resistor on the motherboard is usually a 10 milliohm precision resistor. Millions of motherboards are produced at a time and there are always resistors that exceed the limit

In fact, for mass production, the software is always set to charge to 4.18V and your phone's display will show that it is 100% full. This prevents errors from being generated that could cause user distress.

The software is all about sampling a voltage range of 2.90V - 4.35V. Below 3.10V you will be alarmed and shut down, you will not be allowed to use 2.90V. When charging to 4.18V, it will show that it is full, and can actually continue to charge for more than 10 minutes before the charging current is reduced to 30 - 50mA

The phone's power calculation error, at least 5% or more, will not be very accurate.

Outside temperature, 30 degrees in summer, -10 degrees in winter, a temperature difference of 40 degrees, which 40 degrees of temperature difference, resulting in the temperature drift of the sampling resistor is 5%. It can't be helped.

If the LiPo is used in an environment above the specified operating temperature, i.e. above 35°C, the battery will be constantly drained, i.e. the battery will not be powered for as long as usual. If the device has to be charged at such temperatures, the damage to the battery will be even greater. Even storing the battery in a hotter environment will inevitably cause corresponding damage to the quality of the battery. Therefore, trying to keep them at a moderately beneficial operating temperature is a good way to extend the life of the lithium battery.

If you use your lithium battery in a cold environment, i.e. below 4°C, you will also find that the battery life is reduced, and some mobile phones with original lithium batteries will not even charge in cold temperatures. But don't worry too much, this is only a temporary condition, unlike using in high temperature environments, once the temperature rises and the molecules in the battery are heated up, they immediately return to their previous charge.

The life span of a lithium battery is typically 300-500 charge cycles. Assuming that a complete discharge provides 1Q of power, if the reduction in power after each charge cycle is not taken into account, the lithium battery can provide or replenish a total of 300Q-500Q of power over its lifetime. It is thus known that if it is charged 1/2 at a time, it can be charged 600-1000 times; if it is charged 1/3 at a time, it can be charged 900-1500 times. And so on. If you charge at random, the number of times is variable.

In short, no matter how it is charged, the total amount of power replenished into the 300Q-500Q is constant.

Indicators reflecting the size of the battery capacity, e.g. 48V 100Ah means that the battery has a capacity of 4.8 kWh.

The voltage of a single cell depends mainly on the type of material used for the positive and negative electrodes, generally lithium cobaltate, ternary positive electrode with graphite negative electrode can obtain a full charge voltage of about 4.2 V, while lithium iron phosphate can only reach a maximum of 3.6 V. The voltage here, to be precise, should be potential depending on the material properties, the potential value is equal to the open circuit voltage of the battery after a long enough period of rest.